** Ka manaʻo a ka luna hoʻoponopono: ʻO James Whale: ʻo ka Makua Gay o Frankenstein kahi hoʻomau o iHorror's Mahina Haʻaheo weliweli hoʻolauleʻa nei i ke kaiāulu LGBTQ a me kā lākou hāʻawi i kēia ʻano.

ʻO nā kāne a me nā wahine i kōkua i ke ʻano o nā lā mua o ka weliweli ma ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, hiki i kekahi mau mea ke hana i ka mea a James Whale i hana ai i ka wā i hiki ai iā ia ke loaʻa i ke aloha no kahi "monster" misshapen i 1931's. Frankenstein.

Maliʻa paha, no ka mea kakaikahi wale nō o kēlā mau mea hana i ʻike he aha ia e manaʻo ʻia ai he monstrous iā lākou iho.

ʻO ke ola ma waho o ka lumi moe kāne kāne male i ka makahiki 1930 mai kahi maʻalahi, ʻoiai ma Hollywood. Aia ma mua o ka stigma. Aia ka inaina loa.

Ma nā ʻano he nui, ʻaʻole nui i loli, akā aia naʻe ʻo James Whale, i waho a haʻaheo e like me kona hiki i 1930 i ka wā, ma hope o kahi kūleʻa nui i kuhikuhi i kahi pāʻani keaka i kapa ʻia Ka Hopena a ka Huakaʻi ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o Colin Clive, hāʻawi ʻia iā ia he ʻelima mau makahiki aelike me Universal Pictures a hāʻawi ʻia i ka manawa e kuhikuhi i kekahi o nā waiwai i loaʻa iā lākou i kēlā manawa.

ʻO Whale ʻo wai ʻo ia, koho ʻia ʻO Frankenstein. ʻO kahi mea i loko o ia mea i kamaʻilio pū me ia, ua hoʻāla i kona manaʻo, a ʻaʻole i liʻuliʻu e hana ana ʻo ia i ke kiʻi neʻe i hana i kahi kūlana gula i hui ʻia ma hope mai.

Ua lawe ʻo ia iā Colin Clive e hōkū ma ke ʻano he Henry Frenstein weliweli loa ia, a ʻo ia pū kekahi mea hana ʻē aʻe no ka kāna haku: Boris Karloff.

"Ua pīhoihoi kona maka iaʻu," i wehewehe ai ʻo Whale ma hope. "Ua hana wau i nā kiʻi o kona poʻo, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā iwi iwi ʻoi loa kahi aʻu i manaʻo ai ua hui ka iwi poʻo."

ʻOiai ʻo Karloff kāna koho ponoʻī, aia nō kekahi koko maikaʻi ʻole ma waena o ka luna a me ka mea hoʻokani ke hoʻomaka ke kiʻi ʻana. Hōʻike ka mea kākau moʻolelo kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ʻo Gregory Mank, ua lili ʻo Whale i ka nānā a Karloff e loaʻa nei i ka wā o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻana a hoʻolālā i kāna hoʻopaʻi ponoʻī no ka pane ʻana.

Ke hoʻokokoke nei ka piko o ke kiʻi, lawe ʻo ka Monster iā Henry Frankenstein ma luna o kona poʻohiwi i luna o kahi puʻu pali i kahi wili nui. Ua hana ʻo Whale iā Karloff e hāpai iā 6'4 ″ ʻO Colin Clive ma luna o kēlā puʻu i nā manawa he nui i lawe pinepine ʻia i hopena i loaʻa i ka mea hana ke ʻehaʻeha o ke kua i nā lā i koe o kona ola.

Nānā ʻole i nā pilikia e hele nei ma hope o nā hanana, ʻO Frankenstein he kūleʻa nui loa no Whale, Karloff, a Nā kiʻi ākea.

Ua hopu ʻia ka poʻe lohe pololei e ka moʻolelo haʻiʻōlelo akamai, nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi nani ʻia, a me ka moʻolelo weliweli a kahi kanaka i ʻaʻa e pāʻani i ke Akua.

ʻO nā mea hoʻolohe Gay, a laila a i kēia manawa hoʻi, ʻike i kēlā mau mea āpau a me nā mea hou aʻe. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka subtext queer Wahine wahine o Frankenstein, ʻO kā Whale hele mua ʻana i ke ʻano i ʻōlelo nui.

ʻO ka hōʻole ʻana o ka Monster e kona makuakāne “hahau koke ʻia ka hopena. ʻO ka hōʻole ʻana e ka ʻohana o kekahi ke ʻike lākou ua hele pinepine ʻoe i ke ʻano pinepine a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mokuna pōʻino loa i kā mākou moʻolelo ponoʻī, a he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo he pili wale ka Monster i nā hana luku i mua o ka hōʻole ʻia, kekahi mea e haʻohaʻo ai i ko mākou kaiāulu.

Eia nō naʻe, ua pena ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he Monster, aia kekahi ʻike i ka hana a Frankenstein. Hiki i kekahi ke nānā maʻalahi iā ia ma ke ʻano he kūlana wahine, a no laila lawe ʻo ia i kekahi ʻano wai loli.

A mai poina i kēlā manawa hopena ke alualu ʻia ʻo ia e nā kamaʻāina huhū me nā lama a me nā pitchforks i kūlou i kona luku ʻia. ʻIke kēlā me kēia kanaka LGBTQ o ka honua i ka makaʻu maikaʻi loa.

ʻOiai ua loli paha nā mea hana o ka hana ʻino - ua kapa ʻia kekahi poʻe he "kānāwai" -e pili ana ka makaʻu a me ka hopohopo a hiki i kēia lā.

ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana ua hana ʻo Whale i kēia mau manawa a me nā manawa ʻē aʻe i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, ua lilo ka Monster i ʻano kihi mele a ua kākau ʻia kēia hoʻoilina i loko o nā puke pai a me nā ʻatikala ʻepekema i nā makahiki i hala.

Ua loaʻa kekahi mau lālā o ke kaiāulu trans i kahi hui ma Whale's "monster", me nā mea kākau a me nā mea hoʻouluulu e like me Susan Stryker e kuhikuhi nei i nā like ma waena o nā mea i hana ʻia a me kāna hana ponoʻī ʻana e lilo i mea e pono ai.

A mai poina iā mākou ka hoʻohanohano hope loa i kā Whale hoʻololi ʻana i kā Masterley haku mele: Ka Hōʻike Hōʻike Hōʻike Rocky.

Hiki iā mākou ke noʻonoʻo i ka manaʻo o ke koholā e pili ana i kēia hoʻoilina, akā ke nānā nei mākou i ke ala ākea e ola ai ʻo ia i kona ola, manaʻo wau he mea palekana ke manaʻo he haʻaheo kāna.

Ma hope o 1931's ʻO Frankenstein, Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Whale i ʻekolu mau ʻano moʻokalaleo hou aku: Ka hale kahiko pouli, ke kanaka ʻike maka ʻole ʻia, a Wahine wahine o Frankenstein. Hoʻohanohano kēlā me kēia o lākou i ko lākou ʻano ponoʻī a hoʻopiha ʻia kēlā me kēia me nā ʻano aloha puʻupaʻa o ka luna.

Ua hoʻomau ʻo ia e hoʻomau i ka hana ʻano ma ka manawa ʻO ke kaikamahine hele mai i ka makaʻu e lilo ʻo ia i pigeon-holed ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi weliweli. ʻO ka mea kaumaha, e 1941, ua pau kāna ʻoihana hana kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, akā ua naʻaupō ʻo ia me kāna kālā a e noho ana ma kahi nui o ke kālā.

Ma ke koi a kāna hoa hele lōʻihi, ʻo David Lewis, ua kiʻi ka luna i ka pena a noho i kahi nohona maikaʻi i kona home nani.

Ma kahi huakaʻi ʻo ʻEulopa i hui ai ʻo Whale me Pierre Foegel he 25 ona makahiki a haʻi aku iā Lewis ua manaʻo ʻo ia no ke ʻōpio e neʻe pū me ia ke hoʻi mai ʻo ia. Ua pihoihoi maoli ʻo Lewis; ʻo ia ka hopena o kahi pilina i hala 20 mau makahiki. Kupaianaha, noho mau lāua ʻelua ma hope.

Ma ka 1956, ua ʻeha ʻo Whale i nā hōʻeha koʻikoʻi o ke kaumaha kaumaha a ma luna o ia ua ʻeha ʻelua mau hahau ʻana iā ia. Ma ka lā 29 o Mei 1957, ua make ʻo ia ma kona home. Ua piholo ʻo ia i ka wai ʻauʻau.

Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka make i kahi ulia pōpilikia akā mau makahiki ma hope mai, ma mua iki o kona make ponoʻī, ua hōʻike ʻo David Lewis i kahi leka make i loaʻa iā ia a hūnā ʻia.

He 67 mau makahiki wale nō ko Whale i ka manawa o kona make ʻana, a ʻoiai weliweli kona hopena, ua ola kona ola, a he mea kūpono wale nō e hoʻohanohano iā ia i ka wā o kā mākou hoʻolauleʻa ʻana i ka Mahina Pride Horror.

Makemake wau e noʻonoʻo e hōʻakaʻaka ia iā ia.