Welina mai i kaʻu papa hoʻoponopono liʻiliʻi e pili ana i kekahi o nā loli a me nā tropes i ulu a kūleʻa no ke kaiāulu aliʻi i ka ʻano weliweli. Ma ka ʻāpana mua, ua kūkākūkā mākou i ka tokenism, a ma aneʻi e ʻeli wau i ka coding queer a me ka mōʻaukala ia i loko o kēia ʻano.

ʻO ke kuhi kope ke kaʻina o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻano kope i kekahi ʻano me ka ʻole o ka puka ʻana i waho (ʻike i kaʻu hana ma laila?) I ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, keu hoʻi, ua hānau ʻia ia mai loko mai o ka lawe ʻia o ka Hays Code i nā makahiki 1930.

I nā lā mua o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, me ka ʻole o ka rula, hele hewa ka poʻe e hōʻike ana i nā ʻano mea āpau a ʻimi i kekahi o nā kumuhana. Me ka pūʻiwa ʻole, ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia mai nā pūʻulu conservative hou aʻe ma ka US i manaʻo he makaʻu ka maikaʻi o kēlā me kēia kanaka i ka palaho no nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni.

Ua hele lākou i loko o ke keʻena kuhina ʻo Warren G. Harding a kū aʻe me Postmaster General Will Hays nāna e lilo i pelekikena o ka Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association – ʻo ia ka mea ma mua o ka ʻAhahui Kiʻi Kiʻi ʻAmelika o ʻAmelika. Ua hana ʻo Hays a me kāna mau cohorts a pāʻālua hana me ka papa inoa holoʻokoʻa o nā mea i hiki aole e hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni.

ʻOiai ʻaʻole kamaʻilio waha ʻole ke code e pili ana i ka wahine aliʻi, ua noʻonoʻo ʻia naʻe ia i kahi paukū e pili ana i nā ʻōlelo ʻo "nā kūlana kūpono o ke ola."

ʻIke ʻoe, ʻo ke ala maikaʻi maoli o ka lawe ʻana i kekahi e hana i kekahi mea e haʻi iā lākou ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hana.

Ua kipi nā mea kākau, nā luna, a me nā mea hana keaka ma nā ʻano maʻalea e kūʻē ana i ka Hays Code, ʻoiai ʻo Joseph Breen i lilo ma ke ʻano he censor wale nō ma ka papa i hiki ke kākau hou a ʻokiʻoki hou i nā palapala āna i ʻike ai he kūpono.

A pēlā, hoʻomaka i ka queer-coding e kolo i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka helu kuʻuna, iā ia iho, ʻaʻole ia he mea maikaʻi ʻole. E like me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka maikaʻi a maikaʻi paha. Ua hiki i nā mea kākau ke hoʻohana i kā lākou mau tālena e hana i nā huapalapala i hiki iā mākou ke nānā i hope me ka haʻaheo.

Minamina, ua maʻalahi a maʻalahi, ma o ka coding code, e hana i nā huapalapala e like me ka sissy ambivalent sex, ka "wahine paʻakikī," a me ka mea hoʻopunipuni, obsessive villain.

Ua lilo kēia mea i kūlana maʻamau i ka ʻano weliweli.

Lawe, no ka laʻana, Ke kaikamahine a Dracula. Ma muli o ka moʻolelo pōkole a Stoker, "Ka Hoʻokipa a Dracula," ua pau ka kiʻi ʻoniʻoni me Sheridan le Fanu's. carmilla.

Ma aneʻi ʻike mākou i ke kaikamahine a Countess Marya Zaleska aka Dracula nāna i ʻimi i ke kōkua o kahi psychiatrist e hoʻokuʻu iā ia iho mai kahi mana ʻino. Ke hoʻomaka nei nā kino e hōʻiliʻili a puni, maʻalahi, ma kahi pae, e heluhelu i kēia mana ma ke ʻano he vampirism. Aia i loko o nā hiʻohiʻona me kahi ʻōpio, nani, blonde hoʻohālike kahi e heluhelu ai nā mea ʻokoʻa.

ʻ tellslelo ʻo Countess Zaleska iā Lili makemake ʻo ia e pena iā ia. Nānā ʻo ia iā ia me ke kuko maoli i kona mau maka. ʻLelo ʻo ia iā ia he nani ʻo ia a noi iā ia e hemo i kāna pālule mai kona poʻohiwi. Hele a kokoke ʻo ia a hoʻokokoke, e hoʻowalewale ʻana i ka wahine ʻōpio me kahi momi ma mua o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana.

ʻO nā mea hoʻolohe Queer ma nā wahi āpau i ʻike i ka Countess ma ke ʻano he helehelena, a ʻike pū lākou iā ia e make ana ma muli o kāna "hewa."

A laila kahi Irena nani a pohihihi hoʻi mai Val Lewton's Kanaka popoki.

I ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, ʻo Irena, i hoʻokani ʻia e Simone Simon kupaianaha, hopohopo ʻo ia e hōʻino ʻia e lilo i holoholona hihiu ke hoʻāla ʻia ʻo ia ... ʻOiai ʻo kāna mau hoʻokoe, aloha koke ʻo Irena iā Oliver a ua male koke lāua ʻelua. Eia nō naʻe, no kona pilikia ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō i kāna "wifely tiute" iā Oliver.

Hoʻomaka ʻo ia e ʻike i kahi psychiatrist e hoʻāʻo e lanakila i kēia mau manaʻo.

Inā ʻoe e ʻike nei i kahi ʻano ma aneʻi, ʻaʻole paʻakikī e noʻonoʻo no ke aha. I kēlā manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia ka queer he maʻi maʻi a he nui i hoʻouna ʻia i psychiatrists no "lapaʻau." Minamina, paʻa kekahi i kēia hana a me ka hoʻohuli hoʻohuli ʻia ʻana i koi ʻia ma luna o ka poʻe ʻōpio ma mua o kaʻu e noʻonoʻo nei.

Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau piha i kēia "mea," kēia "ʻē aʻe" e loaʻa iā ia. Ua wehewehe ʻo ia i ka hōʻino a hoʻomanaʻo i ke kauhale kahi i ulu ai ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he ʻino, piha me nā kānaka hewa i hana i nā mea weliweli i kahi ala e pili ai ka hapa nui i ka moʻolelo o Sodoma a me Gomorrah mai ka Baibala, kahi moʻolelo i kuhi hewa ʻia no nā kenekulia he ala e hoʻohewa ai i ke kaiāulu aliʻi.

Kūlohelohe, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke lanakila i ka mea e hana iā ia i "ʻē aʻe," hāʻawi ʻo ia i hope, hoʻololi i loko o kahi panther a hoʻouka a pepehi i kāna mea hoʻoponopono. Heihei ʻo ia i kahi zoo kūloko a wehe i kahi hale panther. Lawe koke ka holoholona iā ia ma mua o ka pakele ʻana a pepehi ʻia iā ia iho.

I ka wā i loaʻa ai iā lākou kahi panther make e waiho ana ma ka puka o ka pā, ua ʻōhumu ʻo Oliver ʻaʻole i hoʻopunipuni ʻo Irena iā lākou.

Minamina, ʻo Irena hoʻokahi wale nō i ka lālani lōʻihi o nā huapalapala ʻano kope i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e make no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi iā lākou.

I kēia manawa, o noʻonoʻo ʻoe ʻo ka wahine wale nō ka mea i hoʻoili ʻia i kēlā manawa, makemake wau e kau i kou manaʻo i nā mea ʻelua. He Wenewolf ʻōpio wau a ʻO wau he ʻōpio Frankenstein. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā kiʻi ʻelua i ka makahiki 1957 a ua pāʻani nā mea ʻelua ma mua o hoʻokahi o nā māka kiʻi ʻole ma ke ʻano akamai.

ʻO ke luna, ʻO wau he Werewolf ʻōpio he hōkū ʻōpio, ʻo Michael Landon he hunky mau makahiki wale nō i hilahila i kāna holo ʻana ma ke komohana, ʻO Bonanza.

He pilikia hoʻokele huhū ʻo Tony Rivers (Landon), a ma hope o kekahi mau huhū, ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e ʻike i kahi psychiatrist kahi e kamaʻilio ai e pili ana i kēia huhū kūlohelohe i loko ona. Paipai koke ʻo Kauka Brandon i kahi ʻano regressive therapy no ke kanaka ʻōpio.

I kēlā manawa, ʻo ka regressive therapy kahi "solution" i makemake nui ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka queerness. ʻO ka manaʻo e hoʻihoʻi i ka mea maʻi i ke aʻa o kā lākou mau makemake a wīwī iā lākou no laila ʻaʻole lākou e pili hou i kā lākou "makemake kūlohelohe."

Eia naʻe, lawe ʻo Kauka Brandon i kahi ʻanuʻu hou aʻe, me ka manaʻo he nui nā pōmaikaʻi i ke kiʻi ʻana i kēlā ʻano primal, a ke hele nei i kahi mamao e ʻōlelo aku iā Tony he holoholona hihiu ʻo ia a he mau pōmaikaʻi ke hoʻi ʻana i kēlā mokuʻāina.

ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, ua hoʻokuʻu aku ʻo Brandon i ka holoholona ma Tony nāna e hoʻomaka i ka luku ʻana i ka poʻe. ʻAʻole ia he kikoo nui o ka manaʻo e hoʻohālikelike i kāna kiʻi holoholona me nā kiʻi o nā poʻe aliʻi. Pono nā mea a pau e hoʻolohe i ka poʻe kālai'āina a me nā ʻano haipule like ʻole e hoʻohālikelike pinepine i ka wahine i ka bestiality.

No laila, he leka paʻakikī kā mākou. Aia kekahi mau kāne ʻelemakule ʻaihue e makemake nei e hopu i kāu mau keiki kāne a hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea "kūlohelohe." Ma hope o ke kumuhana o nā laʻana ma mua, ua make nā kāne ʻelua.

Akā ʻO wau he ʻōpio Frankenstein, loaʻa iā mākou kahi kāne ʻelemakule, predatory, i kēia manawa ma ke ʻano o Professor Frankenstein nāna i hoʻoholo e kūkulu iā ia iho i kahi ʻōpio mai nā ʻāpana like ʻole āna i hōʻiliʻili ai, no nā hiʻohiʻona "kino kiʻekiʻe".

Lawe kēia i kahi pae hou loa e like me kā Frankenstein nānā ʻana i kāna mea e hana ana i ka lole ʻole a me ka hilinaʻi iā ia ke hana nei ia.

Eia hou, i ka hopena ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā kāne ʻelua e make.

Ua akāka loa ka leka i kēia manawa. I ka weliweli, ʻo ia ka poʻe kolohe a me nā moʻo nui e hōʻike i nā senser, a e luku ʻia lākou.

Ua mau ka Hays Code no kekahi manawa, akā i ka hopena ua wāwahi ʻia. No laila ʻo ia mau mea i puka mai i waho o ka waihona nui, ʻeā?

ʻAʻole pololei.

Ma ke pāʻani ke ʻano helu kele, akā i kēlā me kēia manawa e ʻike ʻoe i kahi ʻano i kope ʻia ʻaʻole ʻo ia ka moʻo nui, a ʻoi aku ka pīhoihoi, ua ʻae ʻia e ola.

Lawe, no ka laʻana, Ko ka Haunting mai 1963. He kiʻi ʻoniʻoni nani kēia a ʻo kekahi o kaʻu punahele ponoʻī.

In Ko ka Haunting, ke ʻano Theo, pāʻani ʻia e Claire Bloom, ua hōʻike hewa ʻia ma ke ʻano he kāne wahine. I ka wā o ko Nell huhū, ua kāhea ʻo ia iā Theo i kekahi o nā "kūlohelohe o ke kūlohelohe." Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa nā mea ma mua ona, nani ia me ka moekolohe ʻole ʻia. Hele mai ʻo ia e pale i ka ʻilihune Nell (Julie Harris), ma mua o ka predatory.

ʻO ka mea kupaianaha naʻe, ola ʻo Theo i ka hopena o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni.

No laila, maopopo leʻa maikaʻi nā mea a koke huli nā mea āpau, ʻeā?

ʻĀ, ʻaʻole, ua hoʻomau ʻia ke ʻano o ka helu kuʻuna ma mua o ke kākau pololei ʻana i nā huapalapala queer. ʻOiai ʻo vampires wahine wahine ka mea i lilo i mea nui i nā makahiki 70, ua hoʻomau ka mālama ʻana i ka coder queer ma mua o ka ʻokoʻa.

Ua ʻike mākou iā ia i nā makahiki 80 me nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e like me Kahi moe moe ma ke alanui Elm 2 kahi ʻae, aia ka subtext gay ma nā wahi āpau, akā ua lawe i kahi honi heterosexual e lanakila hope loa i ke kāne maikaʻi ʻole. A i nā hihia kahi i hoʻokokoke loa aku ai ka mōʻī i ka papa, i ka ʻōlelo, Mai makaʻu i ka hewa, ua hōʻike 'ia ma ke' ano he ʻino e luku ʻia.

A laila aia nō Kapu hoʻomoana.

Ua pīhoihoi ka poʻe haʻalulu me ka hōʻike koke ʻana i ka hopena o ke kiʻi ʻo Angela ʻo Petero i ka wā āpau a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e heluhelu i loko o ia mea he subtext he transgender character ia e hoʻolilo iā lākou i hoʻokahi o nā helu kolohe weliweli nāna i hana. ua kuhi hewa ʻia e ka hapa nui o nā mea haʻi ʻōlelo pololei ma ke ʻano.

ʻOi aku ka maʻalea o kāna coding coding a hiki i kēlā manawa hope loa a me kāna hoʻohālikelike me ke kaiāulu trans i hoʻonohonoho i kahi hiʻohiʻona weliweli, e hoʻokūpaʻa ana i ka manaʻo makemake lākou e hoʻopunipuni iā ​​ʻoe, e manaʻoʻiʻo ai he mea ʻole lākou, a ʻoi aku ka weliweli. .

ʻO Angela, i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka trans ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻomāinoino ʻia e kahi wahine hilahila ʻole, a ua koho nā mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni i kahi manawa kūpikipiki liʻiliʻi i hoʻopaʻa pono i kona wahi i ka mōʻaukala ʻano, akā ʻaʻole i pau ka hopena no ka lālā o ke kaiāulu aliʻi.

I loko o ke kenekulia ke kaulike ʻana o ka moe aliʻi a me ka hewa i loko o ke kenekulia 21 i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai mākou e ʻike i nā mea i hōʻike ākea ʻia i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni weliweli, akā naʻe ʻo ka hōʻike maʻamau i ʻimi ʻia e ke kaiāulu LGBTQ a he laha loa ka hoʻokomo ʻana . ʻAʻole mākou e neʻe ma ʻō aku o ka trope "pepehi i kāu kāne".

Eia naʻe he lana ka manaʻo ma ka pae. ʻIke wau iā ia i nā mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā mea hana kiʻi aʻu i ninaninau ai no kā mākou papahana Horror Pride Month. Ke kākau nei lākou i nā moʻolelo kuʻi kupaianaha i ka manawa kaila.

ʻIke wau iā ia i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e like ʻO ka lawe ʻana iā Deborah Logan, kahi i ʻike piha ʻia ai ke ʻano wahine a me ka maʻamau me ka ʻole o ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka moʻolelo. ʻIke wau iā ia ma Lyle kahi i moe kolohe ʻole ai ka wahine male wahine, akā he kāne aloha wale nō lākou i loaʻa iā lākou iho i kahi kūlana weliweli.

ʻIke wau iā ia ma nā moʻo like ʻO ka Hoʻouluʻana i ka Hoʻouluʻana o Sabrina ka mea e hōʻike ākea me nā huapalapala o ke ʻano o ka hōʻike kāne kāne a me ka moekolohe me ka alacrity, a ʻO ka hoʻokipaʻana i ka Hale o ka Hale, nāna i hoʻokuʻu iā Theo i waho o ka waihona.

Maliʻa, maliʻa paha, ua hiki mai ko mākou manawa.

E hui pū me aʻu i ka manawa aʻe, no ka ʻekolu a me ka ʻāpana o kēia pūʻulu kahi e kūkā kamaʻilio ai mākou i ka hana moa, a mahalo iā ʻoe no ka hahai ʻana i kā mākou Makahiki Makahiki Makaʻu Makaʻu!